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In specific, superficial WMNs were larger in FR and Par WM regions of the young monkeys but in the TE, these were larger in the older monkeys. Morphometric analyses, in contrast, showed significant age effects in soma size and circularity.

Consistent with multiple studies of cell density in the cortical gray matter of normal brains, neither the superficial nor deep WM populations showed statistically significant age-related neuronal loss, although we observed a moderate decrease with age for the deep WMNs in the frontal region. Per 0.16 mm 2 sampling box, this yielded about 40 neurons in the superficial WM and 10 in the deep WM. Neurons were visualized by immunocytochemistry for Neu-N in coronal tissue sections (30 μm thickness), and neuronal density was assessed by systematic random sampling. A major aim was to determine whether there was age-related neuronal loss, as might be expected given the substantial age-related changes known to occur in the surrounding white matter environment. The present investigation evaluates and compares the density of superficial and deep WMNs in frontal (FR), temporal (TE), and parietal (Par) association regions of four young adult and four aged male rhesus monkeys. Several other studies have reported that the density of WMNs in humans is altered in neuropathological or psychiatric conditions. Their functional importance is largely unknown, but they have both corticothalamic and corticocortical connectivity and at least one subpopulation has been implicated in vascular regulation and sleep. In humans and non-human primates (NHP), white matter neurons (WMNs) persist beyond early development.

Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.Farzad Mortazavi *, Xiyue Wang, Douglas L.

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